Unilateral Measures, a Polarising Elephant in the Room at COP29

By Owor Domisiano, In November 2024, Baku, Azerbaijan, became a hub for climate negotiations as Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) gathered for the 29 th Conference of the Parties (COP29). This session marked the 19 th for the Kyoto Protocol and the 6 th for the legally binding Paris Agreement. The two-week event was filled with negotiations aimed at tackling climate change’s causes and impacts. One of the most contentious issues at COP29 was unilateral measures. Early in the negotiations, a deadlock emerged between developed and developing countries, preventing agreement on the agenda. The core dispute centred around the inclusion of unilateral measures; an issue prioritised by developing countries. Unilateral measures refer to climate policies adopted by individual countries that significantly impact others without their participation. These measures often take the form of trade sanctions, import/export ba...